Piping routing and stress analysis studies starts after P&ID 1st issue with:
PPD uses 3D plant modeling software for routing and stress analysis software to ensure piping system works under process conditions, start-up / shut –down cycles and dynamic loads such as earthquake.
Maintenance and safety margins on site are taken into account during pipe routing and equipment placement studies.
Level 1 : Visual Analysis
No stress analysis is required. The piping lines are routed and supported by piping designers as per usual practice.
Level 2: Simplified Analysis
This method includes the use of charts, cantilever method or simplified formulae.
Level 3: Detailed analysis
Detailed analysis by computer program shall be carried out.
3D plant modeling software is used for routing, and stress analysis software ensures the piping system operates under process conditions, start-up/shut-down cycles, and dynamic loads such as earthquakes, PSV reaction forces, hog-sog. Maintenance and safety margins are considered during pipe routing and equipment placement studies.
Flow analysis :After routing, fluid flow calculations are carried out for diameter selection, heat and hydraulic analysis of steady state flow for real liquids, gases, and multiphase mixtures (including gas/liquid, oil/water, and gas/oil/water flow considering flashing and condensation), in piping systems of any complexity, including cross country pipelines and networks with loops.
Surge Analysis: Fluid flow calculations also cover the most dangerous type of transitional flow related to liquid surge (water-hammer), and flow assurance calculations, including severe slugging, and gas hydrate formation prediction. Surge analysis are executed for events such as pump shut down, valve closure, PSV release etc.
Water Hammer Analysis: resultant forces and locations to be used in pipe stress analysis.